
\begin{table}
\caption{Robustness Check: The Multilevel Logistic Regression Results of Upward and Downward Comparisons for Ethnic Conflict (1992-2020)}
\begin{center}
\scalebox{0.7}{
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c}
\hline
 & \multicolumn{4}{c}{DV: Conflict Onset} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{DV: Conflict Prevalence} \\
\cline{2-5} \cline{6-9}
 & M1:Best & M2:Worst & M3:Median & M4:Nearest & M5:Best & M6:Worst & M7:Median & M8:Nearest \\
\hline
Relative poverty                 & $0.037$       & $-0.011$      & $0.004$       & $0.021$       & $-0.078$       & $-0.203^{*}$   & $-0.107$       & $0.053$        \\
                                 & $(0.110)$     & $(0.187)$     & $(0.144)$     & $(0.174)$     & $(0.072)$      & $(0.123)$      & $(0.095)$      & $(0.103)$      \\
Relative wealth                  & $-0.208$      & $-0.050$      & $-0.427^{*}$  & $-0.175$      & $-0.994^{***}$ & $-0.494^{***}$ & $-1.385^{***}$ & $-0.778^{***}$ \\
                                 & $(0.251)$     & $(0.110)$     & $(0.257)$     & $(0.196)$     & $(0.200)$      & $(0.076)$      & $(0.200)$      & $(0.144)$      \\
TEK status excluded              & $0.184$       & $0.158$       & $0.618^{**}$  & $0.269$       & $-0.236$       & $-0.833^{***}$ & $-0.081$       & $0.448^{**}$   \\
                                 & $(0.287)$     & $(0.284)$     & $(0.289)$     & $(0.297)$     & $(0.187)$      & $(0.176)$      & $(0.159)$      & $(0.193)$      \\
Horizontal inequality            & $-0.126$      & $-0.110$      & $-0.180$      & $-0.110$      & $-0.224^{**}$  & $-0.106$       & $-0.136$       & $-0.174^{*}$   \\
                                 & $(0.155)$     & $(0.168)$     & $(0.158)$     & $(0.165)$     & $(0.105)$      & $(0.117)$      & $(0.108)$      & $(0.105)$      \\
Status excluded                  & $0.682^{*}$   & $0.641^{*}$   & $0.613^{*}$   & $0.612^{*}$   & $1.063^{***}$  & $0.925^{***}$  & $0.967^{***}$  & $0.963^{***}$  \\
                                 & $(0.352)$     & $(0.355)$     & $(0.361)$     & $(0.363)$     & $(0.232)$      & $(0.244)$      & $(0.235)$      & $(0.233)$      \\
Previous rebellions              & $1.980^{***}$ & $2.009^{***}$ & $1.959^{***}$ & $1.977^{***}$ & $3.933^{***}$  & $4.084^{***}$  & $3.986^{***}$  & $3.863^{***}$  \\
                                 & $(0.309)$     & $(0.308)$     & $(0.312)$     & $(0.307)$     & $(0.271)$      & $(0.284)$      & $(0.276)$      & $(0.275)$      \\
Status downgraded                & $1.236^{**}$  & $1.273^{**}$  & $1.241^{**}$  & $1.181^{**}$  & $0.877^{***}$  & $1.110^{***}$  & $0.935^{***}$  & $0.996^{***}$  \\
                                 & $(0.498)$     & $(0.499)$     & $(0.507)$     & $(0.509)$     & $(0.320)$      & $(0.326)$      & $(0.320)$      & $(0.316)$      \\
Ln(Country GDP per capita)       & $-0.395^{**}$ & $-0.394^{**}$ & $-0.379^{**}$ & $-0.428^{**}$ & $-0.470^{***}$ & $-0.450^{**}$  & $-0.436^{***}$ & $-0.453^{***}$ \\
                                 & $(0.174)$     & $(0.177)$     & $(0.187)$     & $(0.179)$     & $(0.160)$      & $(0.177)$      & $(0.165)$      & $(0.160)$      \\
Ln(Country population)           & $0.091$       & $0.078$       & $0.123$       & $0.089$       & $0.247$        & $0.216$        & $0.239$        & $0.270$        \\
                                 & $(0.148)$     & $(0.148)$     & $(0.159)$     & $(0.152)$     & $(0.179)$      & $(0.200)$      & $(0.183)$      & $(0.181)$      \\
Intercept                        & $-5.446^{*}$  & $-5.183^{*}$  & $-6.295^{**}$ & $-5.123^{*}$  & $-8.154^{**}$  & $-7.373^{**}$  & $-7.995^{**}$  & $-8.918^{***}$ \\
                                 & $(2.943)$     & $(2.953)$     & $(3.163)$     & $(2.999)$     & $(3.199)$      & $(3.619)$      & $(3.306)$      & $(3.233)$      \\
\hline
Group Mixed Effects              & YES           & YES           & YES           & YES           & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            \\
Year Mixed Effects               & YES           & YES           & YES           & YES           & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            \\
AIC                              & $675.904$     & $676.772$     & $669.565$     & $675.692$     & $1687.519$     & $1663.830$     & $1656.435$     & $1691.337$     \\
BIC                              & $765.490$     & $766.358$     & $759.151$     & $765.278$     & $1778.012$     & $1754.323$     & $1746.928$     & $1781.830$     \\
Log Likelihood                   & $-324.952$    & $-325.386$    & $-321.783$    & $-324.846$    & $-830.760$     & $-818.915$     & $-815.217$     & $-832.669$     \\
Num. obs.                        & $7268$        & $7268$        & $7268$        & $7268$        & $7793$         & $7793$         & $7793$         & $7793$         \\
Num. groups: countries\_gwid     & $117$         & $117$         & $117$         & $117$         & $118$          & $118$          & $118$          & $118$          \\
Num. groups: year                & $29$          & $29$          & $29$          & $29$          & $29$           & $29$           & $29$           & $29$           \\
Var: countries\_gwid (Intercept) & $1.376$       & $1.430$       & $1.751$       & $1.537$       & $3.753$        & $5.236$        & $3.963$        & $3.842$        \\
Var: year (Intercept)            & $0.263$       & $0.263$       & $0.261$       & $0.242$       & $0.088$        & $0.147$        & $0.111$        & $0.089$        \\
\hline
\multicolumn{9}{l}{\scriptsize{$^{***}p<0.01$; $^{**}p<0.05$; $^{*}p<0.1$}}
\end{tabular}
}
\label{robust:mlm}
\end{center}
\end{table}
